Memory System | Zig Memory System | Memory Hierarchy and Characteristics

Memory System

As we know, we store our data in memory.  And according to the need for memory, memory automatically keeps working in its back end, such as raiding, processing any instruction, etc.  So what is this part in memory?  How is its system, we will know complete information about it in this article, so let's know well about it.


Memory Hierarchy and Characteristics

The memory hierarchy in computer system design is an enhancement to organize memory such that it can reduce access times.  The memory hierarchy was created based on the behavior of the program and this is also called locality of reference.

The memory hierarchy is explained in the figure below, this memory hierarchy design is divided into two parts.

  1. External Memory or Secondary Memory
  2. Internal Memory or Primary Memory

So let us know what is external memory or secondary memory, internal memory or primary memory?




External Memory or Secondary Memory

External memory or secondary memory is the memory that we put separately in the computer system, it is not already installed.  We can touch and see this memory.  Examples of this memory are magnetic disc, optical disc, magnetic tab, Pendrive, etc.


Internal Memory or Primary Memory

Internal memory or primary memory is located inside the computer system.  We can use this memory but we cannot see it.  The example of internal memory is RAM and ROM memory.


RAM, ROM Organization

Memory is one of the most essential elements in a computer.  Because without memory the computer cannot perform its work.  And there are two basic types of memory in computer systems, Primary Memory (RAM and ROM), and Secondary Memory (Hard Drive, CD, etc.).

Note: RAM is a primary volatile memory and ROM is a primary non-volatile memory.


Types of Memory

RAM (Random Access Memory) 

RAM is the main memory in the computer system and it is read, write memory.

Whatever program runs or is executed in the computer system, it stores all the data in this memory through the CPU.

RAM is volatile memory so if the power is turned off then our data will be lost.

RAM is further divided into two parts, which are SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Access Memory).


ROM (Read Only Memory)

ROM memory in a computer system stores important information needed to operate the system, such as programs required to boot the computer.

ROM memory is non-volatile, so we do not lose data in this memory even when we power off.

This memory always retains data.

ROM memory is also classified into four parts, which are ROM, PROM, EROM, and EEROM.


What is Interleaving Memory?

Interleaving memory is less or more an abstraction technique in computer systems.  and though it's a bit different from abstraction.  

This is a technique that is divided on the number of modules as its successive word in the address space are placed in the different modules.


Consecutive word in a module

If we consider that 16 data is transferred in four modules, here model 00 is module 1, module 01 is module 2, module 10 is module 3 & module 11 is module 4.  And 10,20,30 - 130 are also the data to be transferred.


Consecutive word in consecutive module

Now if we again assume that 16 data was transferred,


What is Cache Memory?

Cache memory is a high-speed memory in a computer system.  Its use speeds up and synchronizing with a high-speed CPU.  Cache memory is much more expensive than main memory and disk memory. 

But the CPU is economical as compared to the register.  Cache memory acts as a buffer between RAM and CPU.  

Cache memory often holds requested data and instructions so that it is immediately available to the CPU.

Cache memory is also used to access data from the main memory. the diagram below shows how different independent caches store data in a CPU.



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