Input Output System

After understand the input Output System, we first understand the Input-Output Interface.

What is Input-Output Interface?

What is included in the block diagram of an input-output interface in a computer system is,

  •  Data Bus Buffer
  •  Read/ Write Control Logic
  •  Port A, Port B Register
  •  Control and Status Register



Data Bus Buffer

The Data Bus Buffer uses a bi-directional data bus to communicate with the CPU.  All control words between the interface unit and the CPU and state information are transferred via the data bus.

Port A, and Port B Register

Port A and Port B are used to transfer data to the input-output device and also to the interface unit.  All ports are made of bi-directional data.  The Input Buffer Interface Unit connects directly to the input device, output disk, and is required to input, output via port A or port B.  Its example is Modem, External, Hard-Drive, Magnetic Disk, etc.

Control and Status Register

The Control and Status Register contains the control information data to control the register based on the CPU control information. The interface unit controls the input, output operation, between the CPU and the input, output devices.  The bits present in the status register are used to check the position.  The status register indicates the status of the data register.  Port A also records port B and the error that occurs during the transfer of data.

Read / Write Control Logic

The Read / Write Control Logic block generates the necessary control signals for the operation of the entire device.  All the commands of the CPU are accepted by this block.  This interface allows the position of the unit to be transferred to the data bus through this block.

The red signal directs data transfer to the interface unit and the right signal directs data transfer from the CPU to the interface unit via a data bus.

The address bus is used to select the interface unit.


Modes of Data Transfer

In Modes of Data Transfer, all the information received from the external device is generally stored in the memory.  The information transfer from the central computer to the external also basically takes place from the memory itself. The data transfer between the central computer and the input-output device can also handle a variety of modes.


Different Modes of Data Transfer

  •  Programmed I/O
  •  Interrupt - Initiated I/O
  •  Direct Memory Access (DMA)

I/O Processor

In the I/O process, many computer interfaces combine the logic with the direct memory requirements in the unit, this is called the I/O Processor.  I/O can handle multiple peripheral devices through a single DMA (Direct Memory Access) and interrupt facility.

The computer is divided into three separate modules in this system, such as,


 Memory Unit

 CPU

 IOP

Input-output system


Basic Input Output System (BIOS)

 A BIOS is a program of a computer that successfully operates the computer.  The BIOS is a chip that is designed to protect it from disk failure.  If you ever turn on a PC, the BIOS does a hardware check in it, which is called power-on self-test.  Some of the main functions that the BIOS performs are,


  1. BIOS Power On Self Test (BPOST)

  2. Bootstrap loader

  3. BIOS Setup utility program

  4. System service routine


 How does BIOS work ?

 BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System, it is a chip that is already present in your computer system.  It is used to start the computer.  It is the first program that is installed in a computer system before the operating system in a Windows computer.  When we switch on the computer, the CPU uses the BIOS to detect the input-output system with the help of the BIOS.  The BIOS also has the function of loading the operating system into the computer memory, in this way it also completes the booting process.  This BIOS is a part of the motherboard.  After the boating process is completed, the BIOS also acts as an intermediary between the input-output device and the CPU.  There are two types of this BIOS, UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), and Legacy BIOS.


Can a computer boot without a BIOS ?

 No, boating can never happen on a computer without BIOS.  Because it is like a basic operating system that interconnects the foundation of the computer and allows it to boot.  Even though the main operating system is loaded into the computer, without the BIOS the booting can never start in the computer.



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