Basic Structure of Computer Hardware

We have told you about the hardware structure of the computer in this article. 

So if you do not know what is called computer hardware, then it has been told below, you can easily understand by reading it.


What is Computer Hardware ?

The physical component attached to the computer is called hardware.  

If we understand it in more simple language, then the part of the computer which we can touch or see with our hands is the computer hardware.  

Every hardware in a computer is an electronic device that is connected with each other.

Some examples of hardware are keyboard, mouse, monitor, CPU, etc.

I hope you must have understood very well what is computer hardware?  

So now you should know that how is the structure of computer hardware made?  

To understand the computer hardware structure, we have to know about the computer functional unit, so let's know what is a functional unit?




What is Functional Unit ?

The functional unit is a function of the computer which is a part of the CPU.  

The functional unit has five main parts, which perform different functions.  

And this is the computer functional unit by taking five parts.

 There are five functional units,

  •  Input Unit
  •  Output Unit
  •  Memory Unit
  •  ALU Unit (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
  •  CU Unit (Control Unit)

Let us know about these five units, which together have formed the computer.

 

Input Unit 

Input Unit is the one that reads the inputted data of a user.  

And the computer converts the user input data or instructions into machine language and tells the computer, this computer understands that there is a user who has given some instruction.

Some examples of input units are keyboard, mouse, joysticks, etc.


Output Unit 

As you know, the input unit reaches the computer with the instruction given by the user.  

In the same way, the output unit transmits the instructions given by the computer to the user.  

Meaning that if you input something and the computer shows you some output on its monitor, then it is known because of the output unit.  

The output unit represents the machine language in a user-readable form.

There are some examples of Output Unit, Printer, Monitor.


Memory Unit

The memory unit processes the work happening in the computer or uses it to keep the processed data safe.  

There is two more memory inside the computer memory unit which are known as primary and secondary memory.


Control Unit

As its name suggests, it controls something.  

So the control unit controls the work being done in the computer such as input and output and any running data.

Talking about the control unit, it takes the data from the input device and stores it in the memory unit and the output data reaches the output device so, that the user can see the output data.


Arithmetic logic unit

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) It is a part of the CPU.  

All the arithmetic operations on the computer are known to be due to all the arithmetic units.  

Such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.

So this was the functional unit of the computer, now we will know what are the components in the computer.


What is Components of Computer ?

There are main five components of a computer which are, 

  1.  Input device
  2.  Output device
  3.  CPU (Central Processing Unit)
  4.  Primary memory
  5.  Secondary Memory


Input Device

The input device is a device by which the user gives some instructions to the computer or inputs some data into the computer.  

The computer has some input devices, a keyboard, mouse, monitor.


Output Device

The computer by which the user shows the user's given instruction back as a result, in which the device is the output device.  

For example of output unit, Monitor, Printer.

 

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

CPU (Central Processing Unit) It is also called the brain of the computer.  

CPU is also called processor and microprocessor.  It controls the devices connected to the computer.  

Meaning that all the tasks performed on the computer are known to be under the control of the CPU.


Primary Memory

Primary memory is the memory of the computer.  

Primary memory is known by accessing data very quickly, that is why primary memory is also called faster memory.  

Primary memory is the internal memory of the computer, so this memory is known by quickly accessing the data.  

There are two types of primary memory RAM and ROM.


Secondary Memory

Secondary memory is not a part of the computer.  

This memory is added separately to the computer.  

Secondary memory has a higher string volume than primary memory.  

And the data stored in it is not deleted even when the computer is turned off.  

Some examples of secondary memory are a Pendrive, hard disk, USB drive, magnetic tab, etc.


What is Memory Addressing & Operations ?

Memory Addressing

The memory address is a reference to a specific memory location that is used by software and hardware at different levels.  

This is a fixed-length sequence that displays digits conventionally.


Memory Operation

Memory Operation or memory unit supports two types of operations, one is read operation and the other is write operation.  

The read operation reads the previous stores data and the write operation stores a new value in the memory address.


What is memory?

You all must know what is memory?  There is no need to tell much about it, yet let me tell you, memory is a storage area in which you keep any of your data stored on the computer.  This data can be anything such as audio, video, images, documents, etc.  Memory is a very big part of the computer, why without memory the computer will not run, even if it is run, it cannot work, nor can you store anything.  Meaning that the memory in the computer is a storage unit in which the data of the computer is stored and kept.  There are two types of memory which are given below.


Types of memory 

 Memory consists of two more, which is

  1. Primary Memory

  2. Secondary Memory


Primary Memory

 You must have come to know what is memory, but you must be wondering what is this primary memory?  Let me tell you about this, primary memory is the memory of the computer system.  This means, that all the work that is done on the computer, is possible because of having primary memory inside the computer.  Talking more about the primary memory, its speed is very high, almost the same as the speed of a processor.  Primary memory is very small in appearance but very effective and its cost is also very high as compared to secondary memory.


Secondary Memory 

 Secondary memory is also a memory of the computer system which is known as the permanent memory of the computer.  If we talk about the speed of this memory, then it is less according to the primary memory.  Its size is big and its price is also low.  Secondary memory is CD, Hard Disk, etc.  But there are also two types of primary memory which are,

 A. RAM (Random Access Memory)

 B. ROM (Read Only Memory)


RAM  (Random Access Memory)

 The full meaning of RAM is Random Access Memory, which is also the memory of the computer.  This memory is very small in size, for example, 512MB, 1GB.  RAM is also called volatile memory.  But it is a temporary memory, meaning if the computer is turned off, the data that will be there will not be saved, it is available.  which cannot be retrieved.  There are many types of RAM such as,


 A. SRAM

 B. DRAM

 C. SDRAM

 D. NVRAM


ROM (Read Only Memory)

 The full name of ROM is read-only memory, this memory is also called the primary memory of the computer.  ROM memory is a permanent memory.  In which the memory which is used when the computer is started is through ROM memory and this memory is ready for programming.  ROM is installed on the motherboard of the computer.  This memory is a lot more expensive memory.  ROM memory is also of three types, which are,

 A. PROM

 B. EPROM

 C. EEPROM


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